欧洲汽车渠道入市指南：关税、认证、分销全流程
在碳中和目标驱动下，欧洲汽车市场持续收紧对进口产品的政策监管。
一、进口政策与关税规定
对于非欧盟国家进口的整车及零部件，统一征收外部关税，在首入国清关后即可自由流通，无需重复缴税。根据WTO成员身份，基本MFN关税为整车 10%，零部件同为10%。若满足原产地规则（规则产地证明），可能通过中欧、印欧FTA获得关税减免。
二、分销模式与竞争法规
欧盟《垂直协议豁免条例》允许设立选择性或独家经销网络，前提是市场份额不超过30%。
三、排放标准与新能源激励政策
根据欧盟法规，乘用车平均碳排放需在2025年前降至93.6g/km。荷兰、比利时、卢森堡等地普遍实施购车补贴、减免路税、建设充电基础设施等激励措施。多国计划于2030年前禁止新燃油车销售，新能源汽车成为主要增长赛道。
面对监管趋严与绿色转型提速，欧洲汽车市场正从“开放型市场”向“合规型市场”转变。紧跟政策动态、系统评估成本结构，是企业实现欧洲可持续增长的关键。
Driven by carbon neutrality goals, the European automotive market is tightening regulatory oversight on imported vehicles and components.
1. Import Regulations & Tariff Framework
For vehicles and components imported from non-EU countries, a unified external tariff is applied. Once customs clearance and duty payment are completed in the country of first entry, goods may circulate freely within the EU without additional taxation. Under WTO MFN status, the standard import duty is 10% for both complete vehicles and auto parts. Tariff reductions may be granted under FTAs, such as the EU–China or EU–India FTAs, provided that origin rules are met and the appropriate certificate of origin is presented.
2. Distribution Models & Competition Law
The EU’s Vertical Block Exemption Regulation allows for exclusive or selective distribution, provided the market share remains below 30%.
3. Emission Targets & EV Incentives
Under EU regulation, the average fleet CO₂ target is set at 93.6g/km by 2025 . Countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg offer direct EV purchase subsidies, tax exemptions, and infrastructure grants. Many member states plan to ban the sale of new internal combustion vehicles by 2030, positioning EVs as the key growth driver.
Amid tightening regulations and an accelerating green transition, the European automotive landscape is shifting from an open market to a compliance-driven environment. Staying informed on policy trends and assessing cost structures holistically will be critical to achieving sustainable growth in the EU.