安全隐患频发，隐藏式门把手或走向终局
隐藏式门把手曾被视为汽车行业的设计符号，象征着未来感与科技感。然而，随着使用场景不断扩大，其潜在缺陷逐渐暴露，并引发全球范围的监管关注。
美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）近期对超过17万辆特斯拉Model Y展开调查，原因是多起电子门把手失效事件导致用户无法进入车辆。在欧洲，新车安全评鉴协会（Euro NCAP）宣布，自2026年起，若车辆关键功能完全依赖电子系统而缺乏物理冗余，将无法获得五星安全评级。
这一设计最早在2012年随特斯拉Model S量产走向大众视野，以简洁的外观和微弱的空气动力学优势成为潮流，众多车企纷纷跟进。但在实践中，其复杂的操作逻辑往往给乘客带来困扰，在网约车或租赁场景中尤为明显，老年人群体在使用时的不便更是凸显了其人机交互上的不足。
在极端气候条件下，隐藏式门把手也容易因冻结或机械卡滞而无法正常使用，影响车辆的可靠性。而在碰撞或断电情况下，电子门把手也可能无法正常弹出，延误救援。相关安全测试显示，电子门把手在碰撞后的开启成功率远低于传统机械结构。与此同时，额外的电机和传感器也带来更高的维修成本与潜在故障点，使得这一设计在经济性和耐用性方面同样备受质疑。
在产业层面，隐藏式门把手的流行更多源于“未来感”的符号效应，而非实际功能的优化。当大多数厂商纷纷采用这种设计时，个别车企若坚持传统方案，则容易被市场视为“落伍”，从而形成了类似“内卷”的竞争格局。
然而，随着美国、欧洲等主要市场的监管介入，行业逻辑正在发生转变，安全优先的价值重新回归主流。业内人士认为，未来车型可能更多采用半隐藏或带有机械冗余的解决方案，以在设计美学与工程可靠性之间寻找平衡。
Hidden door handles, once celebrated as a hallmark of futuristic automotive design, are now facing mounting regulatory scrutiny. The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently opened an investigation into more than 170,000 Tesla Model Y units following reports of electronic handle failures that prevented entry. In Europe, Euro NCAP has announced that from 2026, vehicles that rely solely on electronic systems without physical redundancy will be ineligible for five-star ratings.
The design gained prominence with the Tesla Model S in 2012, praised for its sleek appearance and marginal aerodynamic benefits, and was quickly adopted by many automakers as a symbol of innovation. Yet, practical experience has revealed its flaws. The non-intuitive operating mechanisms often cause confusion for passengers, particularly in shared mobility settings, while elderly users face added difficulties.
In extreme climates, hidden handles are prone to freezing or mechanical jamming, undermining reliability. More critically, in the event of a crash or power loss, electronic handles may fail to deploy, delaying rescue efforts. Safety tests indicate a significantly lower post-crash success rate compared to traditional mechanical designs. At the same time, the added motors and sensors increase both the likelihood of failure and the cost of repairs, raising concerns about long-term durability and economic viability.
At the industry level, the spread of hidden handles has been driven less by functional improvement and more by the symbolic value of futuristic design. Automakers reluctant to adopt the trend risked being seen as outdated, creating a form of competitive “lock-in.” However, with regulators in the U.S. and Europe tightening oversight, the industry is beginning to recalibrate its priorities. Analysts suggest that hybrid or mechanically redundant solutions may become the prevailing compromise.