电动化浪潮席卷印尼，中国车撬动日系最后堡垒
在全球汽车产业加速电动化的背景下，东南亚市场正经历一场深刻的结构性转变。继日本品牌在泰国失去部分市场优势之后，印尼作为被视为“最后堡垒”的市场，其长期的日系车主导格局也正在松动。
《日经亚洲》2025年3月报道称，印尼市场正在悄然发生巨变。作为东南亚最大的经济体和汽车市场，印尼2024年新车销量达86.6万辆，尽管整体下滑13.9%，但仍稳居区域首位。与此同时，纯电动车成为最大亮点。2025年上半年，印尼纯电动车销量同比激增267%至35,749辆，中国品牌占据了93%的份额，使其在整体市场份额中跃升至10.4%。
相比之下，日本车企的压力与日俱增。丰田虽仍以33%左右的份额稳居第一，但其在印尼的销量现已下滑。三菱、大发、本田、铃木等车企今年上半年销量均以两位数下跌，市场份额逐步被侵蚀。
推动这一变化的，是印尼政府坚定的电动化战略与独特的资源优势。作为全球最大镍储量国，印尼在电池供应链中掌握关键地位。自2014年起，印尼实施原矿出口禁令，迫使产业链本地化发展。近年来，印尼出台了一系列电动车激励政策，包括销售税减免、进口关税豁免、生产补贴及本地化要求，目标是在2030年前形成50万辆电动车年产能，2050年实现全面电动化。
这一政策红利和资源禀赋吸引了全球车企与电池企业的投资。现代、LG新能源已在印尼投建电池厂；宁德时代合资项目于2025年开工，规划产能最高可达15GWh。小鹏、广汽埃安、比亚迪等中国车企相继在印尼建厂，既服务本地市场，也以印尼为出口中心，辐射东盟及全球市场。与此同时，丰田、三菱等日系车企也加大了在印尼的电动化投资，但转型进程明显落后。
印尼不仅是区域最大消费市场，也正在成长为电动车产业的战略枢纽。电动化浪潮下，传统燃油车格局正被改写。随着更多跨国车企深耕印尼，未来几年该国在全球新能源产业链中的地位将进一步凸显。
Amid the global shift toward electrification, Southeast Asia’s automotive landscape is undergoing structural change. After losing ground in Thailand, Japanese automakers are now facing challenges in Indonesia—their long-considered “last stronghold.”
Nikkei Asia (March 2025) reports that Indonesia, the region’s largest economy and car market, is experiencing rapid transformation. Despite a 13.9% decline in overall new car sales in 2024, the country remained Southeast Asia’s top market with 866,000 units sold. The real breakthrough, however, came from electric vehicles. In the first half of 2025, EV sales surged 267% year-on-year to 35,749 units, with Chinese brands taking 93% of the segment, lifting their overall market share to 10.4%.
Japanese carmakers are under increasing strain. Toyota maintains around 33% market share, but sales have declined slightly. Mitsubishi, Daihatsu, Honda, and Suzuki all reported double-digit drops in the first half of 2025, reflecting a shrinking foothold.
This change is underpinned by Indonesia’s ambitious EV strategy and resource advantages. As the world’s largest nickel producer, Indonesia controls a critical part of the battery supply chain. With strict mineral export bans since 2014, the government has driven local processing and downstream development. Policy incentives—including tax cuts, subsidies, import exemptions, and local content requirements—aim to establish 500,000 annual EV production capacity by 2030 and phase out ICE vehicles by 2050.
These conditions have attracted significant investment. Hyundai and LG Energy Solution have already built battery plants; CATL broke ground on a joint venture in 2025 with planned capacity of up to 15 GWh. Chinese automakers including XPeng, GAC Aion, and BYD are establishing local plants, positioning Indonesia as both a domestic base and an export hub to ASEAN and beyond. Japanese OEMs such as Toyota and Mitsubishi are also investing, but their transition pace lags behind.
As both the region’s largest market and a budding EV production hub, Indonesia is emerging as a strategic node in the global auto industry. The electrification wave is not only reshaping local competition but also redefining Southeast Asia’s role in the global value chain.