2024中国新能源汽车行业全球竞争力分析与各国进口贸易法规影响白皮书
January 14, 2025 特易资讯 TOPEASE
近年来，中国新能源汽车行业实现高速增长，2023年产销分别达到958.7万辆和949.5万辆，全球市场占有率达31.6%，在国际市场展现出强劲竞争力。2021年至2023年，新能源汽车出口额增长285%，2024年1-8月出口额达316.2亿美元，其中纯电动乘用车占比70.9%，主要出口至欧洲（占43%）和亚洲（占31%），比利时、英国、澳大利亚、巴西等国为重点市场。同期出口交易次数为53,044次，呈波动上升趋势。
零部件出口方面，2021年至2023年锂离子蓄电池出口额增长128.5%，2024年1-8月达383.9亿美元，主要销往美国、德国和越南；电机及电控系统出口额2024年同期达67.9亿美元，主要市场为美国、德国和中国香港。
各国进口法规影响方面，美国上调关税并取消补贴，显著增加中国新能源汽车及零部件的出口成本；欧盟实施电池环保法规并征收临时反补贴税，提高合规和关税成本；印度通过关税减免吸引投资建厂，但本地化要求严格；泰国和越南虽提供政策支持，但双认证和复杂审核程序增加了合规负担。整体来看，中国新能源汽车行业在全球具备显著竞争力，但需应对主要市场的政策壁垒与贸易挑战。
In recent years, China’s new energy vehicle industry has experienced rapid growth, with 2023 production and sales reaching 9.587 million and 9.495 million units respectively, securing a 31.6% share of the global market and demonstrating strong international competitiveness. Between 2021 and 2023, NEV export value rose by 285%. From January to August 2024, exports totaled USD 31.62 billion, with battery electric passenger vehicles accounting for 70.9%. Europe (43%) and Asia (31%) were the primary destinations, with Belgium, the UK, Australia, and Brazil as key markets. The same period recorded 53,044 export transactions, showing a fluctuating upward trend.
In component exports, lithium-ion battery exports increased by 128.5% from 2021 to 2023, reaching USD 38.39 billion in January–August 2024, mainly to the US, Germany, and Vietnam. Electric motors and control systems totaled USD 6.79 billion in the same period, with the US, Germany, and Hong Kong as top markets.
Regarding regulatory impacts, the US has raised tariffs and removed subsidies, significantly increasing export costs for Chinese NEVs and components. The EU has enforced strict battery environmental standards and imposed temporary anti-subsidy duties, raising compliance and tariff burdens. India has lowered tariffs to attract factory investment but maintains stringent localization requirements. Thailand and Vietnam offer policy support, yet dual certification and complex approval processes heighten compliance costs. Overall, China’s NEV industry maintains strong global competitiveness but faces notable policy and trade challenges in major markets.